Tz

Time zone support for Elixir

Description

Time zone support for Elixir.

The Elixir standard library does not ship with a time zone database. As a result, the functions in the DateTime module can, by default, only operate on datetimes in the UTC time zone. Alternatively (and deliberately), the standard library relies on third-party libraries, such as tz, to bring in time zone support and deal with datetimes in other time zones than UTC.

The tz library relies on the time zone database maintained by IANA. As of version 0.10.0, tz uses version tzdata2020a of the IANA time zone database.

Monthly Downloads: 27,276

Programming language: Elixir

License: Apache License 2.0

Tags: Date And Time     Time Zone     IANA    

Latest version: v0.22.x

README

Tz

Time zone support for Elixir.

The Elixir standard library does not ship with a time zone database. As a result, the functions in the DateTime module can, by default, only operate on datetimes in the UTC time zone. Alternatively (and deliberately), the standard library relies on third-party libraries, such as tz, to bring in time zone support and deal with datetimes in other time zones than UTC.

The tz library relies on the time zone database maintained by IANA. As of version 0.22.0, tz uses version tzdata2022c of the IANA time zone database.

Features

Battle-tested

The tz library is tested against nearly 10 million past dates, which includes most of all possible imaginable edge cases.

Pre-compiled time zone data

Time zone periods are deducted from the IANA time zone data. A period is a period of time where a certain offset is observed. Example: in Belgium, from 31 March 2019 until 27 October 2019, clock went forward by 1 hour; this means that during this period, Belgium observed a total offset of 2 hours from UTC time.

The time zone periods are computed and made available in Elixir maps during compilation time, to be consumed by the DateTime module.

Automatic time zone data updates

tz can watch for IANA time zone database updates and automatically recompile the time zone periods.

To enable automatic updates, add Tz.UpdatePeriodically as a child in your supervisor:

{Tz.UpdatePeriodically, []}

You may pass the option :interval_in_days in order to configure the frequency of the task.

{Tz.UpdatePeriodically, [interval_in_days: 5]}

If you do not wish to update automatically, but still wish to be alerted for new upcoming IANA updates, add Tz.WatchPeriodically as a child in your supervisor:

{Tz.WatchPeriodically, []}

You may pass the options:

• :interval_in_days: frequency of the task
• :on_update: a callback executed when an update is available

This will simply log to your server when a new time zone database is available.

Some users prefer to watch and update manually. Example cases:

• Dealing with memory limitations: some embedded devices may not afford to recompile the time zone data at runtime.
• Restricted environments: the request may be blocked because of security policies.
• Security concerns: some users may prefer to analyze the files coming from external sources (data.iana.org in this case) before processing.
• Systems interoperability: some other systems may use other versions of the IANA database.

For updating manually, there are two options:

• just update the tz library which hopefully includes the latest IANA time zone database (if not, wait for the library maintainer to include the latest version, or send a PR, ...).

• download the files and recompile:

1. Configure a custom directory with the :data_dir option.
2. Download the files manually running the mix task below: bash mix tz.download You may also pass a specific version: bash mix tz.download 2021a In that case delete more recent versions from the folder.
3. Recompile the dependency: bash mix deps.compile tz --force Or from an iex session to recompile at runtime: bash iex -S mix iex(1)> Tz.Compiler.compile() Note that recompilation at runtime is not persistent, run mix deps.compile tz --force in addition.
4. Check that the version is the one expected: bash iex(2)> Tz.iana_version()

To avoid the updater to run while executing tests, you may conditionally add the child worker in your supervisor. For example:

children = [
  MyApp.RepoBase,
  MyApp.Endpoint,
]
|> append_if(Application.get_env(:my_app, :env) != :test, {Tz.UpdatePeriodically, []})

defp append_if(list, condition, item) do
  if condition, do: list ++ [item], else: list
end

In config.exs, add config :my_app, env: Mix.env().

Lastly, add the http client mint and ssl certificate store castore into your mix.exs file:

defp deps do
  [
    {:castore, "~> 0.1.17"},
    {:mint, "~> 1.4"},
    {:tz, "~> 0.22.0"}
  ]
end

Custom HTTP client

You may implement the Tz.HTTP.HTTPClient behaviour in order to use another HTTP client.

Example using Finch:

defmodule MyApp.Tz.HTTPClient do
  @behaviour Tz.HTTP.HTTPClient

  alias Tz.HTTP.HTTPResponse
  alias MyApp.MyFinch

  @impl Tz.HTTP.HTTPClient
  def request(hostname, path) do
    {:ok, response} =
      Finch.build(:get, "https://" <> Path.join(hostname, path))
      |> Finch.request(MyFinch)

    %HTTPResponse{
      status_code: response.status,
      body: response.body
    }
  end
end

A Tz.HTTP.HTTPResponse struct must be returned with fields :status_code and :body.

The custom module must then be passed into the config:

config :tz, :http_client, MyApp.Tz.HTTPClient

Usage

To use the tz database, either configure it via configuration:

config :elixir, :time_zone_database, Tz.TimeZoneDatabase

or by calling Calendar.put_time_zone_database/1:

Calendar.put_time_zone_database(Tz.TimeZoneDatabase)

or by passing the module name Tz.TimeZoneDatabase directly to the functions that need a time zone database:

DateTime.now("America/Sao_Paulo", Tz.TimeZoneDatabase)

Refer to the DateTime API for more details about handling datetimes with time zones.

Performance tweaks

tz provides two environment options to tweak performance.

You can decrease compilation time, by rejecting time zone periods before a given year:

config :tz, reject_time_zone_periods_before_year: 2010

By default, no periods are rejected.

For time zones that have ongoing DST changes, period lookups for dates far in the future will result in periods being dynamically computed based on the IANA data. For example, what is the period for 20 March 2040 for New York (let's assume that the last rules for New York still mention an ongoing DST change as you read this)? We can't compile periods indefinitely in the future; by default, such periods are computed until 5 years from compilation time. Dynamic period computations is a slow operation.

You can decrease period lookup time for such periods lookups, by specifying until what year those periods have to be computed:

config :tz, build_time_zone_periods_with_ongoing_dst_changes_until_year: 20 + NaiveDateTime.utc_now().year

Note that increasing the year will also slightly increase compilation time, as it will generate more periods to compile.

Custom storage location of time zone files

By default, the files are stored in the priv directory of the tz library. You may customize the directory that will hold all of the IANA timezone data. For example, if you want to store the files in your project's priv dir instead:

config :tz, :data_dir, Path.join(Path.dirname(__DIR__), "priv")

Get the IANA time zone database version

Tz.iana_version() == "2022c"

Time zone utility functions

Tz's API is intentionally kept as minimal as possible to implement Calendar.TimeZoneDatabase's behaviour. Utility functions around time zones are provided by TzExtra.

• TzExtra.countries_time_zones/1: returns a list of time zone data by country
• TzExtra.time_zone_identifiers/1: returns a list of time zone identifiers
• TzExtra.civil_time_zone_identifiers/1: returns a list of time zone identifiers that are tied to a country
• TzExtra.countries/0: returns a list of ISO country codes with their English name
• TzExtra.get_canonical_time_zone_identifier/1: returns the canonical time zone identifier for the given time zone identifier
• TzExtra.Changeset.validate_time_zone_identifier/3: an Ecto Changeset validator, validating that the user input is a valid time zone
• TzExtra.Changeset.validate_civil_time_zone_identifier/3: an Ecto Changeset validator, validating that the user input is a valid civil time zone
• TzExtra.Changeset.validate_iso_country_code/3: an Ecto Changeset validator, validating that the user input is a valid ISO country code

Other IANA time zone database implementations

• https://github.com/hrzndhrn/time_zone_info
• https://github.com/lau/tzdata (not recommended due to bugs)

Installation

Add tz for Elixir as a dependency in your mix.exs file:

def deps do
  [
    {:tz, "~> 0.22.0"}
  ]
end

HexDocs

HexDocs documentation can be found at https://hexdocs.pm/tz.